Screening of Young Female Students for Anemia and RhD Blood Group in Vidisha City, India: A Cross-Sectional Study

TL;DR

This study found that 40% of young girls in Vidisha, India, are anemic, with most cases being microcytic hypochromic anemia, and highlights the importance of screening and nutrition.

Contribution

The study provides new prevalence data on anemia and RhD blood group distribution among young female students in Vidisha, India.

Findings

40% of the 200 young girls studied were anemic, with 57.5% having mild and 37.5% moderate anemia.

Microcytic hypochromic anemia was the most common type (80%), indicating iron deficiency as a likely cause.

93% of participants were RhD-positive, while 7% were RhD-negative.

Abstract

Background

Young age is a critical period, marked by rapid growth and increased physiological demands. Young girls are particularly vulnerable to anemia due to the onset of menstruation and nutritional deficiencies. Early identification and management are key to preventing long-term health consequences.

Objective

The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence, severity, and etiological pattern of anemia among young girls, and to assess their Rh blood group status in Vidisha city, India.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 young girls, aged 17-21 years, at a Government Girls’ College in Vidisha, India. Hemoglobin estimation was done using an automated three-part hematology analyzer. Anemia was classified per the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Morphological classification (microcytic hypochromic vs. macrocytic) of anemia, based on hematological indices and peripheral smear findings, was performed, and RhD groups were analyzed.

Results

Anemia was present in 40% of participants. Among anemic girls, 57.5% had mild anemia, 37.5% had moderate anemia, and 5% had severe anemia. Microcytic hypochromic anemia was the predominant type (80%), followed by macrocytic anemia (20%). RhD-positive status was noted in 93% of girls, and RhD-negative status in 7%.

Conclusion

A high burden of anemia exists among young girls in Vidisha city, predominantly microcytic hypochromic. Routine screening and targeted nutritional interventions are essential, and RhD typing awareness is important for future obstetric care.