# From natural induction to artificial regulation: a review on the mechanisms and techniques of flowering in pineapple

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how pineapple plants flower naturally and how human intervention can control flowering to improve fruit production and quality.

## Contribution

The paper systematically reviews pineapple flowering mechanisms and regulation techniques for optimized cultivation.

## Key findings

- Floral bud differentiation in pineapple can be regulated using plant growth regulators after a certain leaf count is reached.
- Flowering timing and quality impact pineapple fruit yield and industry benefits.
- Natural and artificial flowering mechanisms are influenced by genetic, environmental, and cultivation factors.

## Abstract

Flowering is a pivotal developmental transition in the life cycle of plants, and the precise timing of this process is crucial for successful reproduction. The flowering mechanism of the pineapple is influenced by a combination of genetic factors, environmental conditions and cultivation methods. Once pineapple plants have reached a certain number of leaves, the timing of floral bud differentiation can be regulated by applying plant growth regulators. This facilitates staggered fruit production and enables a balanced year-round supply. The timing, quantity and quality of floral bud differentiation directly affect pineapple fruit quality and yield, and also significantly impact the economic and social benefits of the pineapple industry. This paper provides a systematic review of the morphological characteristics of flowers, the patterns of floral bud differentiation, the mechanisms underlying natural and induced flowering, and the key factors influencing flowering in pineapples. This review establishes a theoretical foundation for regulating fruiting periods and optimising high-quality, high-efficiency cultivation practices.