A narrative review of factors influencing rider performance and horse welfare in equestrian activities
Orsolya Balog, Krisztián Havanecz, Tamás Csányi, Csaba Ökrös, László Tóth, Tamás Berki

TL;DR
This review explores how rider biomechanics and training impact horse performance and welfare in equestrian sports.
Contribution
The paper synthesizes fragmented research to highlight how rider factors influence equine performance and well-being.
Findings
Correct rider posture and pelvic orientation improve saddle pressure and equine gait.
Rider asymmetry causes uneven loading and performance issues, often unnoticed by riders.
Structured fitness and core training for riders enhance balance and reduce back pain.
Abstract
Equestrian sport is a unique multi-species discipline in which the performance of a horse–rider dyad depends on the harmonious interaction of two athletes with distinct biomechanics and needs. Although the sport contributes substantially to the global economy and is the only Olympic event involving two species, research on rider-centered factors has been fragmented. Current narrative review centered peer-reviewed evidence addressing three questions: (RQ1) how rider biomechanics and posture influence horse performance and welfare; (RQ2) what causes and consequences rider asymmetry has; and (RQ3) how riders’ fitness, health and training practices affect performance and well-being. Electronic searches of five databases—namely PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar—covering 2000 to July 2024 retrieved 83 records; 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Correct pelvic…
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Taxonomy
TopicsVeterinary Equine Medical Research · Tendon Structure and Treatment · Exercise and Physiological Responses
