# External ventricular drain–related meningitis: prediction model or early diagnostic tool?

**Authors:** Muhammad Mohsin Sami, Ruqaiya Muhammad Naeem, Imran Zahid

PMC · DOI: 10.1186/s40560-025-00842-7 · Journal of Intensive Care · 2026-02-03

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** CSF2 (colony stimulating factor 2) [NCBI Gene 1437] {aka CSF, GMCSF}
- **Diseases:** CSF abnormalities (MESH:D002559), NM (MESH:D003428), meningitis (MESH:D008580), allergy (MESH:D004342), CSF leakage (MESH:D065634), infection (MESH:D007239)
- **Chemicals:** glucose (MESH:D005947), beta-lactam (MESH:D047090)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12869999