# Vulnerability to anxiety and depression symptoms co-occurring among adult patients at family medicine clinics in Najran University Hospital, Saudi Arabia

## TL;DR

This study found that many adult patients in Saudi Arabia experience both anxiety and depression symptoms, highlighting the need for better mental health care strategies.

## Contribution

The study identifies risk factors for co-occurring anxiety and depression symptoms in a Saudi Arabian primary care setting.

## Key findings

- Co-occurring anxiety and depression symptoms were reported in 10.7% of participants.
- Stress, psychiatric conditions, herbal medication use, and sleep problems were significant risk factors.
- Most participants were young, female, and Saudi, with a notable proportion having chronic diseases.

## Abstract

Depression and anxiety are pervasive mental health concerns worldwide that pose significant challenges to individuals and societies.

The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of co-occurring depression symptoms and anxiety among adult patients receiving care

Primary clinics within the Family and Community Medicine Department, in Najran University Hospital, Saudi Arabia

A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2024, recruiting 300 adult patients across seven primary care clinics serving diverse populations. Data were collected using a comprehensive questionnaire that included socio-demographics, medical history, and screening for anxiety and depression symptoms. Multivariate regression analysis was employed.

Most participants were aged 21–30 years (33.0%), predominantly female (64.0%), and Saudi (68.7%). Chronic diseases affected 26.4%, and 31.6% had a past medical history. Depression symptoms were reported by 21.7%, while 14% had anxiety, and 10.7% experienced both. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that stress, psychiatric conditions, herbal medication use, and sleep problems were independent risk factors for co-occurring symptoms.

Co-occurring anxiety and depression symptoms were prevalent in the study population.

The findings advocate for comprehensive mental health strategies that priorities the early detection of co-occurring depression and anxiety, by considering factors essential for improving patient outcomes.