# Algorithm‐Based Common Microcirculatory Framework for Monitoring and Visualizing the Integrated Pancreatic Microcirculation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice

## TL;DR

A new framework combines blood flow and oxygen data to study pancreatic microcirculation in type 2 diabetes, showing that liraglutide improves blood flow and oxygen levels.

## Contribution

A novel algorithm-based framework for integrated monitoring and visualization of pancreatic microcirculation in T2DM.

## Key findings

- T2DM mice showed reduced blood perfusion, red blood cell fraction, oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin concentration.
- Liraglutide treatment improved microcirculatory impairments and restored blood flow-oxygen coupling.
- The framework enables visualization of microcirculatory disruptions and therapeutic responses in diabetic pancreas.

## Abstract

Recent research has challenged the viewpoint that pancreatic islets operate independently of surrounding exocrine tissues, revealing a bidirectional blood flow between the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. However, a methodology for simultaneous evaluation of pancreatic microhemodynamics and oxygen profiles remains elusive.

To generate the common microcirculatory framework, we employed laser Doppler and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to assess pancreatic microcirculation with concurrent acquisition of microhemodynamic and oxygen data as time‐series measurements. The framework's analytical pipeline, featuring outlier adjustment using the boxplot algorithm and comparative normalization strategies (Z‐score, min–max, L2, and median scaling), was subsequently validated in a T2DM mouse model with insulin and liraglutide‐administered groups. Heat maps and chord plots were used to reveal the integrated dynamics of the associations between microcirculatory blood perfusion and oxygen saturation.

The established common microcirculatory framework effectively characterized integrated microhemodynamics and oxygen profiles, with min–max normalizing the microhemodynamic and oxygen. T2DM mice exhibited decreased blood perfusion, reduced red blood cell tissue fraction, diminished oxygen saturation, and lower hemoglobin concentration within the pancreatic microcirculation. Treatment with liraglutide significantly ameliorated these microcirculatory impairments, partially restoring the balance between blood perfusion and oxygen saturation and normalizing the disrupted coherence between oxygenated hemoglobin and speed‐resolved blood perfusion.

The common microcirculatory framework provides a novel methodology for monitoring, visualizing, and assessing integrated pancreatic microcirculatory function, with liraglutide demonstrating enhanced efficacy in ameliorating microcirculatory dysfunction in T2DM.

A novel framework integrates concurrent microhemodynamic and oxygenation data to assess microcirculatory function.Liraglutide improved impairments in pancreatic blood perfusion, red blood cell tissue fraction, oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin concentration in pancreatic microcirculation under T2DM status.Liraglutide restores the physiological coupling between blood flow and oxygen availability in diabetic pancreatic microcirculation.

A novel framework integrates concurrent microhemodynamic and oxygenation data to assess microcirculatory function.

Liraglutide improved impairments in pancreatic blood perfusion, red blood cell tissue fraction, oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin concentration in pancreatic microcirculation under T2DM status.

Liraglutide restores the physiological coupling between blood flow and oxygen availability in diabetic pancreatic microcirculation.

Integrated monitoring of the pancreatic microcirculation utilizes a multimodal probe to simultaneously acquire microhemodynamic and oxygenation data through combined laser Doppler flowmetry and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Raw signals undergo algorithmic processing to extract speed‐resolved blood perfusion (BP) parameters, categorized into low, middle, and high‐speed components, alongside essential hemoglobin (Hb) metrics including red blood cell tissue fraction (CRBC), oxygen saturation (SO2), and oxygenated versus reduced hemoglobin levels. Data processing pipeline incorporates outlier adjustment using the boxplot algorithm followed by comparative normalization strategies, specifically Min‐Max and Z‐score scaling, to standardize the concurrent microcirculatory metrics. The computational pipeline facilitates the transformation of concurrent time‐series measurements into a standardized framework, enabling the visualization of disrupted microcirculatory coupling and the subsequent therapeutic response to pharmacological intervention in the diabetic pancreas.