# Crystallographic fragment screening supports tool compound discovery and reveals conformational flexibility in human deoxyhypusine synthase

## TL;DR

This study uses crystallographic fragment screening to discover new compounds that can regulate DHS, a key enzyme in a cellular process linked to disease.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates how crystallographic fragment screening can identify novel DHS modulators and reveal enzyme conformational changes.

## Key findings

- A covalent modifier targeting the catalytic lysine residue was discovered.
- Fragment clusters bind at multiple key sites on DHS, including the active site and regulatory regions.
- The study shows CFS can probe protein dynamics and identify new binding pockets.

## Abstract

Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of hypusination, a unique post-translational modification of eukaryotic translation factor 5 A (eIF5A). While DHS activity plays a critical role in both normal cellular processes and disease development, the lack of specific molecular tools has hindered detailed studies of this enzyme and the hypusination pathway in general. Existing inhibitors, such as polyamine analogs, suffer from limited specificity and versatility. In this study, we utilized crystallographic fragment screening (CFS) to identify potential DHS inhibitors and explore novel applications of this approach. With an unprecedented hit rate of 39%, we identified fragment clusters binding at key sites, including the active site entrance, the tetramer interface, the regulatory ball-and-chain motif, and potentially allosteric regions on the enzyme’s surface. Notably, we discovered a covalent modifier that targets the catalytic lysine residue in an oxidoreductase reaction-specific manner, as well as fragments that induce significant structural rearrangements of crucial regulatory elements. Our findings establish a framework for extending CFS beyond traditional inhibitor discovery, demonstrating its utility in probing protein dynamics, identifying novel binding pockets, and investigating regulatory mechanisms. These results offer new insights into DHS function, hypusination dynamics, and the broader methodological advancements that CFS contributes to structural biology and protein regulation research.

Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) is central to hypusination and plays an important role in cellular physiology and disease, yet strategies to modulate its activity and regulate the hypusination process remain largely lacking despite detailed knowledge of its enzymatic mechanism. Here, the authors employ crystallographic fragment screening to identify fragments with the potential to regulate DHS, revealing their binding sites and underlying regulatory mechanisms.