# A Bayesian approach to estimate minute ventilation from heart rate during exercise for assessing environmental exposures of females

## TL;DR

This paper improves the estimation of ventilation during exercise for females using heart rate and Bayesian methods.

## Contribution

A Bayesian approach is used to develop HR-based predictive equations for V̇E across exercise intensity domains in females.

## Key findings

- An exponential model best predicts V̇E for the full incremental running test (R² = 0.957).
- Linear models provide superior fits for moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains (R² = 0.977).
- Accurate V̇E estimation requires considering exercise intensity domains and appropriate regression models.

## Abstract

Estimating minute ventilation (V̇E) is essential for assessing the health impacts of environmental exposures during exercise field‐studies. Predictive equations using heart rate (HR) are commonly used, but overlook exercise intensity domains, and reduced accuracy is shown, particularly for females. Thus, we developed predictive equations for females' V̇E based on HR responses at different exercise intensity domains using a Bayesian approach. Nineteen physically active females performed an incremental running test with breath‐by‐breath measurements of V̇E, metabolic rate, and HR. The first and second ventilatory thresholds were identified by measurement of the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen and carbon dioxide, respectively. The Bayesian framework showed that the model fit for estimating V̇E by HR was improved when the incremental running test and its intensity domains were considered. An exponential model provided the best fit (V̇E = 2.86 × exp.(0.019 × HR)) for the full incremental running test (R
2 = 0.957), whereas linear models yielded superior fits when analyzing individual moderate (V̇E = −32.92 + (HR × 0.19)), heavy (V̇E = −101.94 + (HR × 0.99)) and severe (V̇E = −268.81 + (HR × 1.98)) exercise intensity domains (R
2 = 0.977). Accurate estimates of V̇E from HR measurements must consider the exercise intensity domain and the linear regression model for better biomonitoring of human exposures.