# Potential application of mono-, dual-, and triple-target GLP-1 receptor agonists in improving the prognosis of patients with diabetic foot ulcers

## TL;DR

This paper explores how GLP-1 receptor agonists could improve outcomes for diabetic foot ulcer patients by targeting cardiovascular risks while considering treatment limitations.

## Contribution

The paper introduces personalized strategies for using mono-, dual-, and triple-target GLP-1 RA drugs in diabetic foot ulcer treatment.

## Key findings

- GLP-1 RA drugs have cardiovascular benefits that could help DFU patients.
- Appetite suppression and delayed gastric emptying from GLP-1 RA may worsen malnutrition in DFU patients.
- Personalized application of GLP-1 RA based on DFU clinical stages could improve long-term prognosis.

## Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), a severe chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, poses a major public health threat due to its high rates of disability, recurrence, and all-cause mortality. The mortality rate of DFU patients is closely related to cardiovascular events, indicating that their treatment should go beyond local wound management and focus on cardiovascular risk intervention. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), known for their cardiovascular protective effects demonstrated in cardiovascular outcome trials, offer new treatment opportunities for DFU patients. However, the pharmacological properties of GLP-1 RA that suppress appetite and delay gastric emptying may exacerbate malnutrition in DFU patients during the acute infection phase, limiting their use. This review aims to systematically describe personalized application strategies for GLP-1 RA based on the clinical staging differences in DFU patients. Additionally, it compares the clinical translational potential of mono-, dual-, and triple-target GLP-1 RA drugs and evaluates their adverse effects on DFU patients, with the aim of providing more rational and structured treatment strategies for improving the long-term prognosis of DFU patients.