# Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Celacarfurine and Analogues Using Sequential Cascade Ring Expansion Reactions

**Authors:** Jerry K. F. Tam, Lachlan J. N. Waddell, Kleopas Y. Palate, Adrian C. Whitwood, Alexandra Longcake, Michael R. Probert, Gideon Grogan, Benjamin R. Lichman, William P. Unsworth

PMC · DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c05328 · Organic Letters · 2026-01-21

## TL;DR

This paper describes the first synthesis of the proposed structure of the alkaloid celacarfurine and its analogues using a new method.

## Contribution

A new synthetic strategy using sequential cascade ring expansion reactions was developed for making celacarfurine and its analogues.

## Key findings

- The proposed structure of celacarfurine was successfully synthesized.
- A series of macrocyclic analogues were generated using the same strategy.
- The physical and spectroscopic data of the synthetic product did not match the natural alkaloid.

## Abstract

The first synthesis
of the proposed structure of spermidine derived
macrocyclic alkaloid celacarfurine is described. A versatile synthetic
strategy has been developed based on sequential cascade ring expansion
reactions, with high dilution conditions not needed for any of the
steps. The same general strategy was also used to generate a series
of macrocyclic analogues. The physical properties and spectroscopic
data obtained for our synthetic product do not match those reported
for the isolated alkaloid.

## Linked entities

- **Chemicals:** spermidine (PubChem CID 1102)

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** Cancer (MESH:D009369)
- **Chemicals:** Bn (MESH:C072598), Cbz (MESH:D002220), acetic acid (MESH:D019342), lactam (MESH:D007769), ( R )- (MESH:D001120), K2CO3 (MESH:C037593), carbon (MESH:D002244), CH2Cl2 (MESH:D008752), spermidine (MESH:D013095), amine (MESH:D000588), DMSO (MESH:D004121), ethanol (MESH:D000431), H (MESH:D006859), l-proline (MESH:D011392), CuI (MESH:C073870), 1,4-dioxane (MESH:C025223), alkaloid (MESH:D000470), aldehyde (MESH:D000447), diamine (MESH:D003959), imide (MESH:D007094), i-Pr2NEt (MESH:C027070), acryloyl chloride (MESH:C026200), HCl (MESH:D006851), 4-iodoanisole (MESH:C108415), methanol (MESH:D000432), amides (MESH:D000577), alpha-amino acids (MESH:D000596), polyamine (MESH:D011073), periodic acid (MESH:D010504), phenyl alanine (MESH:D010649), carbamate (MESH:D002219), pyridine (MESH:C023666), carboxylic acid (MESH:D002264), PMP (MESH:C091421), THF (MESH:C018674), 13C (MESH:C000615229), LiHMDS (MESH:C442341), furan (MESH:C039281), Celacinnine (MESH:C015057), Celacarfurine 2 (-), DBU (MESH:C031033)
- **Species:** Tripterygium wilfordii (species) [taxon 458696]
- **Cell lines:** SH-SY5Y — Homo sapiens (Human), Neuroblastoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0019)

## Full text

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## Figures

9 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12865764/full.md

## References

16 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12865764/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12865764