# Development of a compound hazard risk index for natural and nuclear disasters and establishment of a prefecture-wide support system in Aomori

## TL;DR

This study develops a risk index and support system for Aomori Prefecture to manage combined natural and nuclear disaster risks.

## Contribution

A new compound hazard risk index and hospital support system tailored for compound disasters in Aomori Prefecture.

## Key findings

- Simulations suggest up to 2,859 patients may need emergency evacuation during disasters.
- Critical vulnerabilities were found in structural integrity and lifeline systems in medical institutions.
- Collaboration between DMAT and NEMAT is crucial for effective disaster response.

## Abstract

Japan is highly susceptible to various disasters, as exemplified by the recent Noto Peninsula Earthquake. This study targeted Aomori Prefecture, located at the northernmost tip of Japan’s main island, which faces the compound risks of natural and nuclear disasters.

A vulnerability assessment was conducted for 108 medical institutions using a seven-item risk index to create a “pre-disaster list” (PL). Simulations based on Cabinet Office damage projections were integrated to develop a Hospital Support List (HSL).

The simulations revealed a potential need for the emergency evacuation of up to 2,859 patients. Critical vulnerabilities were identified across multiple indicators, including structural integrity, lifelines (power, oxygen, and water supply), and radiation protection systems.

The findings indicate an urgent need to clarify the cooperative roles of Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMAT) and the Nuclear Emergency Medical Assistance Team (NEMAT). Establishing a comprehensive support system is essential for maintaining hospital functions and mitigating damage in future compound disasters.