# Ocular Imaging in Intraocular Lymphoma: A Review

## TL;DR

This review discusses how imaging can help diagnose rare eye cancers called intraocular lymphomas and avoid misdiagnosis.

## Contribution

The paper consolidates multimodal imaging features to improve early detection and differentiation of intraocular lymphomas.

## Key findings

- Multimodal imaging features can help distinguish intraocular lymphomas from other eye diseases.
- Discriminative biomarkers in imaging aid in identifying vitreoretinal or choroidal lymphoma.
- Longitudinal imaging changes can track disease progression or treatment response.

## Abstract

Intraocular lymphomas, including vitreoretinal and choroidal lymphoma, can simulate the clinical presentation of other benign and malignant ocular diseases resulting in diagnostic delays. Multimodal imaging features can raise early clinical suspicion to support appropriate subspecialty referrals and treatment for patients affected by these conditions. This review synthesises current evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic value of characteristic imaging features of these rare malignancies. Findings are reviewed based on imaging modality, including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography angiography, and ultrasound. We emphasise discriminative biomarkers that heighten suspicion for either vitreoretinal or choroidal lymphoma, as well as key findings to discriminate between lymphoma and alternative diagnoses. We further describe longitudinal changes in multimodal imaging features that can facilitate tracking disease progression or treatment response. By consolidating modality-specific findings, this review aims to facilitate early referral and accurate diagnosis of these rare malignancies.