# Identification and characterization of tryptophan metabolism-related genes in carotid artery plaques

## TL;DR

This study identifies genes related to tryptophan metabolism in carotid artery plaques, which could help predict and manage atherosclerosis.

## Contribution

The study identifies six key tryptophan metabolism-related genes and develops a predictive model for carotid plaque risk.

## Key findings

- Six tryptophan metabolism-related genes (TPH1, MAOB, TDO2, KMO, KYNU, CYP1B1) are differentially expressed in carotid plaques.
- A logistic regression model using these genes achieves an AUC of 0.75 for predicting plaque risk.
- The genes influence plaque development through tryptophan metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and inflammation.

## Abstract

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, often caused by atherosclerosis, are the stern cause of death worldwide, and carotid plaque play a crucial role in the development of these diseases. Tryptophan metabolism is an important pathway involved in the regulation of immune response, inflammation and vascular health. In this study, we analyzed bulk and scRNA data from carotid plaque to investigate the relevance between tryptophan metabolism and plaque formation. We identified 446 differentially expressed genes that are enriched in immune and tryptophan-related pathways. Focusing on tryptophan metabolism, we identified six key tryptophan-related differentially expressed genes: TPH1, MAOB, TDO2, KMO, KYNU, and CYP1B1. Using the six genes, we constructed a logistic regression model with an AUC of 0.75, which successfully predicted the risk of carotid plaque formation. Analysis of global and single-cell data revealed differential expression patterns and related modes of action of the six genes in carotid plaque, suggesting that they influence the development of carotid plaque through their involvement in tryptophan metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and inflammatory responses. These tryptophan-related differentially expressed genes can be used as potential biomarkers to assess plaque risk and as therapeutic targets to manage carotid atherosclerosis by regulating tryptophan metabolism and reducing inflammation.