# The role of ball mass, surface, and contact dynamics in mechanochemical reactions

## TL;DR

This study explores how ball mass, surface area, and contact dynamics affect mechanochemical reactions using different milling tools and two model reactions.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a method to independently vary ball properties to better understand their impact on mechanochemical efficiency.

## Key findings

- Hollow and solid balls of different sizes were used to study energy transfer and mixing efficiency.
- Cylindrical and round-ended tools revealed effects of surface geometry on milling performance.
- Yield normalization by energy input clarifies the role of individual ball characteristics.

## Abstract

In this work, the influence of milling ball properties on energy transfer and mixing efficiency was systematically investigated by decoupling mass, surface area, and kinetic energy. To achieve this, hollow and solid balls of different sizes were employed, allowing independent variation of these parameters. Additionally, cylindrical and round-ended milling tools were additionally used to study the effects of surface geometry and contact dynamics. Yield normalization by energy input, ball mass, and surface area enables clearer correlation between individual ball characteristics and milling efficiency. This approach provides a more detailed understanding of how individual mechanical properties contribute to overall process performance.

This work studies how mass, surface area and contact dynamics affect mechanochemistry using hollow balls and cylindrical tools. Two model reactions are examined: the Finkelstein reaction and the direct mechanocatalysed Suzuki coupling.