# Recurrent Hematuria Unmasking a Rare Case of Bladder Schistosomiasis in a Child Living in a Non-endemic Country: A Case Report

## TL;DR

A child in the UAE with recurring blood in urine was diagnosed with a rare bladder parasite infection typically found in other regions.

## Contribution

This case report highlights schistosomiasis as a rare but possible cause of hematuria in non-endemic regions.

## Key findings

- An 11-year-old girl in UAE presented with painless hematuria and was diagnosed with bladder schistosomiasis.
- Treatment with praziquantel led to full clinical and radiological recovery.
- The case emphasizes the need to consider parasitic infections in hematuria differential diagnosis in non-endemic areas.

## Abstract

Bladder schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection rarely encountered in non-endemic regions. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) who presented with recurrent, painless gross hematuria. Urine cytology revealed Schistosoma haematobium eggs, and imaging demonstrated bladder wall calcifications. Cystoscopy showed extensive sandy patches, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was treated with praziquantel and achieved complete clinical and radiological resolution. This case highlights the importance of considering schistosomiasis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained hematuria, even in non-endemic regions, particularly in patients with relevant travel history. It underscores the need for heightened awareness of parasitic causes of hematuria in the context of global migration and travel.