# Nosocomial oral myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana in Iran: A new case and review of human myiasis in the country

## TL;DR

A rare case of hospital-acquired oral myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana is reported in Iran, with an updated review of human myiasis cases in the country.

## Contribution

A new case of C. bezziana oral myiasis in Iran and a comprehensive review of human myiasis cases up to 2025.

## Key findings

- C. bezziana has caused 13 documented myiasis cases in Iran.
- Most nosocomial myiasis cases in Iran involve pharyngeal and nasal infestations.
- ICU patients are primarily affected by hospital-acquired myiasis in the country.

## Abstract

Chrysomya bezziana can potentially cause myiasis, a condition in which fly larvae infest living tissue in humans and animals. Contributing factors to this rare ailment include poor oral hygiene, alcohol abuse, and infected wounds. Hospital-acquired myiasis, a rare type of myiasis, occurs in patients following hospital admission. Herein, we report a case of C. bezziana oral myiasis in an 89-year-old female patient hospitalized in northeastern Iran. In this article, we also present an updated review of reported human myiasis cases in Iran up to 2025. According to our findings, C. bezziana has been responsible for 13 documented cases of myiasis in Iran. Most nosocomial myiasis cases in the country are related to pharyngeal and nasal infestations and are primarily observed in the ICU patients.