# Phenolic Profile and Bioactive Prospects of Wild Annona Species From Angola

## TL;DR

This study explores the phenolic compounds and bioactive properties of three wild Annona species from Angola, highlighting their potential for traditional and modern medicine.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific phenolic compounds and evaluates the antioxidant, antimalarial, and antimicrobial activities of Angolan Annona species.

## Key findings

- A. muricata had 44 identified phenolic compounds, with leaves showing the highest total phenolic concentration.
- A. senegalensis extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity, while A. muricata was most effective against malaria.
- All species displayed antibacterial effects, supporting their traditional medicinal uses.

## Abstract

Annona species (Annonaceae family) are valued for their nutritional and medicinal importance, especially in traditional medicine. This study investigated the phenolic profiles of the Angolan Annona muricata, Annona squamosa, and Annona senegalensis leaves, stem barks, and seeds hydroethanolic, infusion, and decoction extracts, also evaluating their antioxidant, antimalarial, and antimicrobial potential. Our results showed a vibrant phenolic profile in all the studied species, with A. muricata standing out with 44 compounds identified, with leaves containing the highest concentration of total phenolic compounds, particularly in A. senegalensis. Procyanidin trimer was the primary compound found in A. muricata leaf and stem bark hydroethanolic extract and infusion preparation, while in A. squamosa, epigallocatechin and catechin prevail. In A. senegalensis, quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside was primarily detected in the leaves and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside in the stem barks. Extracts from A. senegalensis performed a higher antioxidant capacity, while the hydroethanolic extract of A. muricata displayed better antimalarial activity. A. senegalensis showed the highest antioxidant activity, while A. muricata extract was most effective against malaria; all extracts displayed antibacterial effects. These results reveal the remarkable phenolic richness and bioactive potential of the studied species, supporting their traditional medicinal uses and emphasizing the pharmaceutical and industrial relevance of Annona species.