Endogenous Biomarkers Analysis and False-Negative Results for SARSCov2 Using two Commercial RT-PCR Diagnostic Kits

TL;DR

This study compares two RT-PCR kits for SARS-CoV-2 detection and finds that RNA internal controls may better identify false-negative results due to RNA degradation.

Contribution

The study evaluates the impact of RNA versus DNA internal controls in reducing false-negative SARS-CoV-2 test results.

Findings

Only one out of 162 initially negative samples tested positive with the Geneova kit.

The Geneova RNA internal control matched the Pishtaz Teb control in only 44% of cases.

RNA degradation may lead to higher threshold cycle values in RNA-based internal controls.

Abstract

Real-time PCR is widely used to detect SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, but false-negative results can occur even with internal controls. This study aimed to investigate the impact of using alternative internal control materials on the accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 detection kits.

Between December 2021 and January 2022, 162 respiratory tract samples were collected from patients with suspected COVID-19 at Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, IR Iran. Samples were initially tested with the Pishtaz Teb kit, which uses DNA internal control, and then negative samples were retested with the Geneova kit, which uses a RNA internal control. Positive and negative controls were consistently used to validate the results.

After retesting with the Geneova kit, only one patient out of 162 negative samples was positive for SARS-CoV-2. The Pishtaz Teb and Geneova controls consistently produced the expected results, but the Geneova internal control matched the Pishtaz Teb control in only 44% of cases. The higher threshold cycle value for Geneova internal control suggested RNA degradation during the experimental period.

Proper quality control measures are crucial for accurate SARS-CoV-2 detection. The study highlights the importance of selecting reliable diagnostic kits with high sensitivity and specificity to reduce false-negative results, particularly in cases with a low viral load or early stages of the disease. The internal RNA control can detect RNA degradation and help identify false-negative diagnoses, leading to better disease control and management. Further research is needed to improve the accuracy of COVID-19 diagnostic tests.

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