Advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of trauma-induced organ inflammation and dysfunction

TL;DR

This paper reviews how trauma causes inflammation and organ dysfunction, focusing on new insights into molecular patterns, cell death, and gut microbiota.

Contribution

The paper highlights recent advances in understanding trauma-induced inflammation mechanisms and introduces new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Findings

Damage-associated molecular patterns play vital roles in trauma-induced inflammation.

Trauma-induced cell death and gut microbiota influence organ dysfunction progression.

Organ–organ cross-talk pathways are key in systemic inflammation after trauma.

Abstract

Trauma represents a significant global health issue, often resulting in devastating and long-lasting effects on the body throughout a patient's life. Organ inflammation and dysfunction caused by trauma present additional challenges for clinicians. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of post-trauma systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction is essential for improving the management of trauma. This review aims to summarize current updates on the findings that explore different mechanisms of trauma-induced inflammation and organ dysfunction, highlighting the recent understanding of the vital roles of damage-associated molecular patterns, trauma-induced cell death, organ–organ cross-talk pathways, and the gut microbiota in the development and progression of post-traumatic systemic inflammation. We also discuss new approaches that can potentially guide further investigations of trauma diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

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