Panoramic Landmarks: Comparing LLM-Assisted, Manual Tracing, and Self-Directed Learning in Dental Education

TL;DR

This study compares different learning methods for identifying dental landmarks on X-rays and finds that manual tracing is most effective, while AI tools like ChatGPT help with specific areas.

Contribution

The study introduces a comparison of ChatGPT-assisted learning with traditional methods in dental education.

Findings

Manual tracing outperformed both SDL and ChatGPT in overall landmark identification.

ChatGPT-assisted learning improved recognition of specific landmarks like the zygomatic process.

Combining manual tracing and AI tools may enhance dental radiology education.

Abstract

Accurate identification of anatomical landmarks on panoramic radiographs is a foundational yet challenging skill in dentistry. Traditional didactic teaching often requires supplementation to achieve proficiency. This study evaluates and compares the efficacy of three supplementary learning modalities: self-directed learning (SDL), traditional manual tracing (MT), and an AI-driven approach using ChatGPT.

In this prospective study, 63 third-year dental students were assigned to one of three groups (n = 21 each): SDL, MT, or ChatGPT-assisted learning. Following a theoretical lecture, students were assessed using a 30-item test immediately after the lecture (baseline) and again at a 4-week follow-up. Intra- and intergroup differences were analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal–Wallis tests, respectively.

Intergroup analysis demonstrated that the MT group achieved significantly higher overall scores than both the SDL and ChatGPT groups (P < .05), correctly identifying the most landmarks (26/30). Within-group analysis revealed significant improvements from baseline in the MT group for 24 landmarks (P < .05 for key structures like the hard palate and hyoid bone) and in the ChatGPT group for 16 landmarks (P < .05 for the glossopharyngeal air space). The SDL group showed no significant improvement. Notably, the ChatGPT group outperformed MT in identifying four specific landmarks, including the zygomatic process and nasopharyngeal air space.

For optimal learning in dental radiology, an integrated approach is recommended. MT proved most effective overall, while ChatGPT added value for specific landmarks. Combining both methods may further enhance student proficiency.

Identification of landmarks is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. This study demonstrates that MT significantly enhances landmark recognition, while ChatGPT provides supplementary value. Integrating traditional and AI-assisted methods may further strengthen dental radiology education.

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