Leveraging Monaural Exposures to Reveal Early Effects of Noise: Evidence from Police Radio Ear-Piece Use

TL;DR

Police radio ear-pieces may cause early hearing damage, with high volume use linked to increased tinnitus risk and signs of temporary hearing loss.

Contribution

The study uses between-ear comparisons in police radio ear-piece users to isolate noise effects and identify early auditory risks.

Findings

45.2% of users reported signs of temporary threshold shift in the exposed ear.

Ear-piece use was associated with a 73% increased risk of persistent tinnitus.

Tinnitus location was linked to the side of ear-piece use, suggesting device-related causes.

Abstract

Research into the long-term effects of noise on hearing is often confounded by health and lifestyle differences between individuals. UK police radio ear-pieces are capable of emitting high sound levels and, crucially, are worn in one ear, allowing between-ear comparisons which control for individual-level confounding factors. Low volume-control settings are recommended to reduce risk to police hearing, yet actual usage patterns and auditory effects remain unexamined. This study used a large-scale survey (N = 4,498) to assess ear-piece noise exposure and the associated hearing health. Most participants reported using high volume-control settings and 45.2% reported experiencing signs of temporary threshold shift (TTS) in the exposed ear. Estimated weekly-averaged noise exposures frequently exceeded the UK's 85 dBA Upper Exposure Action Value. Ear-piece use was associated with 73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46–106%) increased risk of persistent tinnitus, which on mediation analysis appeared to be driven by a subset of users who experienced signs of TTS. Importantly, tinnitus location was associated with the side of exposure, suggesting tinnitus related to device use rather than to other factors. In contrast, Digits-In-Noise thresholds showed no relation with noise exposure; potential explanations include compensatory auditory training effects, but limitations of Digits-In-Noise data must also be considered. Findings highlight a need for further investigation into hearing risks in police personnel, including in-person auditory testing. Risk mitigation strategies might involve improved device design, training on safe use, and expanded hearing health surveillance. Given the potential for cumulative auditory damage, TTS may serve as an early warning sign, warranting attention in broader noise-exposed populations.

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