Nephrolithiasis in sarcoidosis: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical implications

TL;DR

This study examines kidney stone occurrence in sarcoidosis patients, finding a 16% prevalence and highlighting the importance of monitoring calcium levels and medical history.

Contribution

The study provides insights into the epidemiology and risk factors of nephrolithiasis in sarcoidosis patients.

Findings

Nephrolithiasis was reported in 11.9% of sarcoidosis patients.

A history of kidney stones was significantly more common in patients with stones (40% vs. 6.6%).

Uric acid levels were lower in the group with kidney stones.

Abstract

To describe the demographic profile and risk factors for kidney stone formation in patients with sarcoidosis.

158 sarcoidosis patients were analyzed, comparing groups with and without kidney stones evaluating clinical and metabolic factors and medication use. Statistical analysis was carried out using R software (p < 0.05).

The sample consisted of 138 patients (87.34%), with a majority of females (67.4%) and a median age of 54. Frequent comorbidities included hypertension (38.4%), diabetes (18.1%), and dyslipidemia (6.5%). Nephrolithiasis was reported by 11.9% of patients. Laboratory tests showed hypercalcemia in 9.4% and hypercalciuria in 17.4%. Kidney stones were found in 15.9% of patients, three of whom were bilateral. The comparative analysis revealed a significant association with a previous history of nephrolithiasis (40% vs. 6.6%). There was no statistical correlation with laboratory tests, except for uric acid, which was lower in the group with stones. Hydroxychloroquine was more frequent in the group with stones but without statistical significance. Logistic regression did not identify any significant associations.

Nephrolithiasis occurred in 16% of sarcoidosis patients and was more prevalent in women and adults. Calcium disturbances persist, requiring continuous monitoring. A history of renal lithiasis should be valued in diagnosis and follow-up.

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