Metastatic organotropism in peritoneal metastasis: Paget’s hypothesis revisited
Dongchan Kim, Devesh Kaushal, Robert Beaumont Wilson
TL;DR
This paper explores how cancer spreads to the peritoneum through exosomes, supporting Paget’s seed and soil hypothesis.
Contribution
The study highlights the role of exosomes in preparing the peritoneal environment for metastasis and identifies specific cancer subtypes involved.
Findings
Exosomes facilitate peritoneal metastasis by degrading the glycocalyx and transforming mesothelial cells.
Mesenchymal cancer subtypes show a higher tendency for peritoneal metastasis.
Exosomes contribute to immunosuppression and ascites in the peritoneal environment.
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) of solid tumours is a major contributor to cancer-associated mortality and morbidity. The mechanism of PM development encapsulates Paget’s hypothesis of seed and soil, whereby cancer cells remotely prepare a pre-metastatic niche in the peritoneal microenvironment to facilitate transcoelomic cancer progression. The bidirectional communication between cancer cells and host mesothelial cells, endothelial cells, leukocytes, adipocytes, and fibroblasts occurs via exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that carry cargos of proteins, cytokines, and microRNA. Cancer-derived exosomes enable exfoliated tumour cells to resist anoikis, disseminate, adhere, and implant in the peritoneum. This process involves the degradation of the peritoneal glycocalyx, the transformation of peritoneal mesothelial cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts via…
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Taxonomy
TopicsExtracellular vesicles in disease · Intraperitoneal and Appendiceal Malignancies · Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment