# Synthesis of new benzothiazole derivatives with in-depth In-vitro, In-vivo anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities

## TL;DR

This study creates new benzothiazole compounds and shows they have strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer effects in lab and animal tests.

## Contribution

The synthesis and evaluation of new benzothiazole derivatives with multi-biological activities is the novel contribution.

## Key findings

- Compounds 3b, 3d, and 3e showed strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo.
- The compounds reduced inflammation and gastric ulcers by suppressing TNF-α, p-NFkB, and COX-2.
- Antioxidant activity was confirmed by elevated CAT, GST, GSH, and SOD levels and reduced LPO.

## Abstract

Benzothiazoles (BTZ) possess various medicinal benefits and in this study, we have synthesized benzothiazole derivatives by substituting its side chains, and analyzed its spectral analysis along with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In-vitro antioxidant activity of the benzothiazole derivatives indicated strong antioxidant potential of 3b, 3d and 3e which were then evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential in mice’s paw edema and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer (GU). The compounds demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory ability in paw edema as well as ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. This was further confirmed by H&E staining and suppressed inflammatory mediators as tumor necrotic factor (TNF-α), nuclear factor B (p-NFkB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The antioxidant ability was assessed by measuring catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in both edema and ulcer models. Additionally, gastric lesions were detected in the ulcer and low Ulcer index confirmed anti-ulcer ability. These results suggest new benzothiazoles which can be further analyzed through clinical studies.