# Effects of Continuous Medicaid Coverage in 2020–2023 on Children's Health Insurance Coverage, Access to Care, Health Services Use by Type, and Health Status

## TL;DR

The study shows that continuous Medicaid coverage under the FFCRA improved children's public health insurance and health status, with fewer unmet care needs.

## Contribution

The study provides empirical evidence on the impact of continuous Medicaid coverage on children's health outcomes and insurance coverage.

## Key findings

- Public coverage increased by 4.1-5.4 percentage points in treatment states after FFCRA.
- Unmet care needs decreased by 1.7-2.4 percentage points in 2021 and 2022.
- Health status improved, with increased likelihood of excellent/very good health by 2.5-3.8 percentage points.

## Abstract

To examine the effects of continuous Medicaid coverage in 2020–2023 under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA) on children's health insurance coverage, access to care, likelihood of using healthcare services by type, and health status.

A difference‐in‐differences event study compares outcomes pre and post FFCRA between states without pre‐FFCRA continuity provisions (treatment group) and those that required 12‐month continuous coverage (control group).

The main sample includes 122,901–126,117 children (depending on outcome) aged 1–17 years with family income below 300% of federal poverty level from the 2016–2023 National Survey of Children's Health.

After FFCRA, public coverage increased in treatment states in 2020, 2021, and 2022 by 4.1 (95% CI: 0.004, 8.3), 4.7 (95% CI, 0.4, 9.0), and 5.4 (95% CI: 2.0, 8.7) percentage points, respectively, relative to control states. Privately purchased coverage declined in 2020 by 3.5 (95% CI: −5.3, −1.7) percentage points. The likelihood of having a usual place for sick care increased by 3.6 (95% CI: 0.5, 6.8) percentage points in 2021, and the likelihood of unmet care needs decreased by 1.7 (95% CI: −2.8, −0.7) and 2.4 (95% CI: −3.8, −1.0) percentage points in 2021 and 2022. The likelihood of excellent/very good health increased by 2.5 (95% CI: 0.4, 4.5), 3.8 (95% CI: 0.7, 6.8), and 2.7 (95% CI: 0.4, 5.0) percentage points in 2020, 2021, and 2023, respectively. There were no changes in the likelihood of medical, preventive, mental health, specialist, and emergency department visits and hospital admissions.

Medicaid continuity under the FFCRA increased the children's public coverage rate. Despite potential switching from private coverage, there is evidence for reductions in unmet care needs and improved health status. Findings provide insights into potential effects of recent federal requirements that all states provide 12‐month Medicaid continuity for children.