# Sonocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A in aqueous solution: A review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews sonocatalytic methods for breaking down bisphenol A in water, highlighting their efficiency and potential for practical use.

## Contribution

The paper systematically evaluates sonocatalytic degradation mechanisms and influencing factors for BPA over the past decade.

## Key findings

- Sonocatalysis effectively degrades BPA under ambient conditions with high mineralization efficiency.
- Hybrid systems like O3 and sono-Fenton enhance radical utilization for better BPA degradation.
- Solution chemistry and ultrasonication parameters significantly influence sonocatalytic performance.

## Abstract

Owing to the expansion of the manufacturing industry, bisphenol A (BPA) is being discharged into aquatic environments, posing a global concern. Numerous studies have recognized the adverse effects of BPA exposure on ecosystems and humans. Therefore, advanced remediation technologies are gaining increasing attention. Beyond the achievements of conventional water treatment processes, sonocatalysis provides several benefits, including effectiveness under ambient conditions, promising mineralization efficiency, and compatibility with nanostructured or hybrid catalysts. This review presents progress and developments made over the past ten years in the field of sonocatalysis related to BPA. Focusing mainly on BPA sonodegradation mechanisms, the effects of solution chemistry (e.g., pH, temperature, naturally occurring ions, natural organic matter, and scavengers), ultrasonication parameters (e.g., ultrasonic frequency, power, and operation mode), and the physicochemical properties of BPA (e.g., pKa, hydrophobicity, and molecular configuration) were evaluated. Overall, sonocatalysis demonstrated competent BPA degradation, whereas hybrid systems (e.g., O3, sono-Fenton, and ultraviolet/visible light irradiation) enhanced radical utilization. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and potential areas for future research, with the aim of guiding subsequent investigations towards practical applications.