# Prevalence and Correlates of Depression Among Patients With Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Enrollees in Ogbomoso, Oyo State: A Cross-Sectional Study

## TL;DR

This study found that nearly half of drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients in Ogbomoso, Nigeria, experience depression, with education level and HIV co-infection being key factors.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the prevalence and correlates of depression among TB patients in a specific Nigerian region.

## Key findings

- 43.8% of drug-susceptible TB patients in the study had depression.
- Living with HIV and lower education levels were strongly associated with depression.
- Mild depression was the most common severity level among depressed patients.

## Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that continues to present a major public health challenge. There is a recognized correlation between the condition and depression. This study aims to find out the prevalence and pattern of depression among drug-susceptible TB patients to improve treatment outcomes.

Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional hospital-based survey across the directly observed therapy (DOT) centers in Ogbomosho. Sample size of 333 respondents was calculated using Leslie Fischer's formula (n = z²pq/d²). A multistage sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data was collected using a pre-tested semistructured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The questionnaire covered sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and comorbidities and included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depression. Respondents who scored 0-4 were categorized as having no depression, those who scored 5-9 were categorized as having mild depression, those who scored 10-14 were categorized as having moderate depression, while those who scored 15-19 were categorized as having moderately severe depression. Descriptive analysis was done on all variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using chi-square and binary logistic regression, respectively. The level of significance is set with a p-value less than 0.05.

Results: The overall prevalence of depression was 146 (43.8%). Among those who were depressed, 96 (65.6%) had mild depression, 36 (24.7%) had moderate depression, while 14 (9.7%) had moderately severe depression. Sex, marital status, level of education, and average monthly income were significantly associated with depression status at the bivariate level. Multivariate analysis revealed that level of education (AOR = 0.175, P = 0.001) and living with HIV (AOR = 35.303, P = 0.017) were significantly associated with depression status.

Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of depression among TB patients. Factors such as level of education and comorbidities like TB/HIV and diabetes mellitus were statistically associated with depression.