# Lipoprotein(a) and the Early Diagnosis, Complexity, and Extent of Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction

## TL;DR

High levels of lipoprotein(a) are linked to earlier and more severe coronary artery disease and heart attacks.

## Contribution

This study shows that very high Lp(a) levels are strongly associated with early CAD diagnosis and increased MI risk.

## Key findings

- Very high Lp(a) is linked to earlier obstructive CAD diagnosis and MI occurrence.
- Individuals with high Lp(a) have a 15.9-fold higher risk of recurrent MI.
- Lp(a) is associated with multivessel CAD but not with a high SYNTAX score.

## Abstract

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a potent, independent causal risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD).

This study aimed to assess the association between Lp(a) and the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and angiographic characteristics of obstructive CAD and occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI).

We included 446 individuals with very high Lp(a) (>230 nmol/L) who underwent routine lipid profiling, matched 2:1 by age and sex using nearest-neighbor propensity matching to 223 controls with low Lp(a) (≤7 nmol/L). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess CAD- and MI-free survival. Multivariable ORs were calculated for multivessel disease and the SYNergy Between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and Cardiac Surgery-1 score.

Median follow-up time, defined by age at last follow-up, was 60 years (Q1-Q3: 50-71). Individuals with very high Lp(a) had significantly lower event-free survival time for the diagnosis of obstructive CAD and occurrence of MI (P = 0.006 and P = 0.012, respectively). In multivariable analysis, Lp(a) was associated with multivessel CAD (adjusted OR: 1.43 [per 100 nmol/L]; 95% CI: 1.04-1.96; P = 0.028), but not with an intermediate or high SYNergy Between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and Cardiac Surgery-1 score (adjusted OR: 1.28 [per 100 nmol/L]; 95% CI: 0.82-1.99, P = 0.279). Individuals with very high Lp(a) levels had a 2.4-fold higher risk of ST-segment elevation MI and a 15.9-fold higher risk of recurrent MI compared to those with low Lp(a).

Very high Lp(a) is associated with earlier diagnosis of obstructive CAD and MI, predominantly ST-segment elevation MI. In addition, individuals with very high Lp(a) levels seem at a particular high risk of recurrent MI.