# Real-world management and outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with systemic therapy in Spain: a patient cohort from the RETUD gastrointestinal registry

## TL;DR

This study examines how patients with liver cancer in Spain are treated and their outcomes using real-world data from a registry.

## Contribution

The study provides real-world insights into HCC treatment and outcomes in Spain, highlighting the effectiveness of immunotherapy combinations.

## Key findings

- Most patients received sorafenib as first-line treatment, while atezolizumab/bevacizumab showed the best survival outcomes.
- Median overall survival was 9.8 months, with immunotherapy combinations showing longer survival and higher response rates.
- Over a third of patients received locoregional treatment alongside systemic therapy.

## Abstract

Characterization of the management and outcomes of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and treated with systemic therapy who were included in the Spanish gastrointestinal RETUD registry.

This is a retrospective, registry-based, non-interventional, multicenter study conducted in Spain (NCT06711211, retrospectively registered in Dec-2024). This cohort from the RETUD registry includes adult patients diagnosed with HCC and treated with systemic therapy between Jan-2017 and Feb-2024. Sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic and survival data are analyzed descriptively.

Four hundred and sixty nine patients were included (median age: 65.8 years; 90.2% males; 98.1% Caucasian). At diagnosis, 51.8% presented a clinical stage of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-C. At the start of systemic treatment, 34.5% and 30.3% of the patients showed extrahepatic spread of the disease and main portal vein invasion, respectively. The most frequently administered first-line systemic therapies were sorafenib (57.1%), atezolizumab/bevacizumab (27.7%) and lenvatinib (7.5%). More than a third of the cohort (37.1%) received locoregional treatment at any time (before, concurrent and/or after systemic treatment). Overall, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5.1 and 9.8 months, respectively. Patients receiving atezolizumab/bevacizumab showed the longest PFS (10.6 months) and OS (14.0 months) of all treatment groups and a numerically higher objective response rate (ORR) compared to the overall population (31.0% vs 12.5%).

This study offers valuable insights into the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of HCC patients in Spain in a real-world setting. Our results suggest potential benefits of immunotherapy-based combinations over other available alternatives, supporting findings from interventional and real-world studies.