Antigenic-Specificity and Cytokine Profile of the T-Cell Response to Human Cytomegalovirus in Transplant Recipients

TL;DR

This study examines how T-cells respond to human cytomegalovirus in transplant patients, finding that responses to a specific viral protein may indicate better control of infection.

Contribution

The study identifies pp65-specific T-cell responses as a potential marker for HCMV control in transplant recipients.

Findings

T-cell responses to pp65 and IE-1 were stronger than to gH and gL/pUL128L at infection resolution.

Controllers showed higher monofunctional pp65-specific CD8+ T cells producing IFNγ and TNFα.

Pre-transplant CD4+ T-cell responses to pp65 were higher than to gH and gL/pUL128L.

Abstract

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a significant complication in transplant recipients. Following HCMV reactivation, the recovery of T-cell responses serves as a key indicator of protection from HCMV disease. This study aimed to assess the HCMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses and their cytokine production (IFNγ, TNFα, IL2) against various HCMV proteins (IE-1, pp65, gB, gH/gL/pUL128L) in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (HSCTRs) with active HCMV infection. The cohort consisted of 16 SOTR and 16 HSCTR categorized into two groups: (i) Controllers, who spontaneously controlled the infection, and (ii) Non-Controllers, who required antiviral treatment. T-cell responses were analyzed following stimulation with peptide pools and intracellular cytokine staining. Prior to transplantation, all patients exhibited a significantly higher frequency of CD4+ T cells specific to pp65 compared to gH and gL/pUL128L. During the peak of infection, T-cell frequencies across all peptides were similar, but at infection resolution, the frequency of pp65 and gB-specific CD4+IFNγ+ T cells was significantly higher than gL/pUL128L. Additionally, pp65 and IE-1-specific CD8+IFNγ+ T-cell responses were significantly greater than those against gH and gL/pUL128L at the resolution of infection. Notably, Controllers exhibited significantly higher frequencies of monofunctional pp65-specific T cells, particularly in CD8+ T cells producing IFNγ and TNFα. The response to pp65, especially IFNγ production, may serve as a key marker for identifying patients capable of controlling HCMV infection.

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