Genetic predisposition to elevated BMI and adult asthma phenotypes in a Japanese population

TL;DR

This study explores how genetic factors linked to higher BMI influence asthma types in Japanese adults, revealing genetic diversity in asthma subgroups.

Contribution

The study identifies distinct asthma subtypes influenced by BMI-related genetic variants in a Japanese population.

Findings

Asthma patients had higher BMI than healthy individuals, but no significant difference in BMI-GRS was found between the groups.

Cluster analysis revealed six asthma phenotypes, including two overweight/obese clusters and four non-obese clusters with varying BMI-GRS.

Genetic variants associated with BMI contribute to specific asthma subtypes, highlighting genetic heterogeneity in adult asthma.

Abstract

Obesity is a well-established risk factor for asthma, with genetic factors influencing both conditions. This study investigates the impact of genetic predisposition to increased body mass index (BMI) on adult asthma phenotypes. We recruited 1532 non-asthmatic healthy individuals and 779 adult asthma patients to assess the relationship between BMI-related genetic risk scores (BMI-GRS) and asthma. Among the 85 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with BMI in Japanese populations, significant associations with BMI were confirmed for 6 SNPs in the healthy individuals. Using these, BMI-GRS was calculated for both groups. While asthma patients had higher BMI than healthy individuals (p = 0.004), no significant difference in BMI-GRS was observed between the groups (p = 0.56). A cluster analysis identified six distinct phenotypes of adult asthma patients: two overweight/obese clusters (one with elevated BMI-GRS, one without) and four non-obese clusters (with one showing significantly elevated BMI-GRS). This study demonstrates a genetic heterogeneity in the phenotype of adult asthma among a Japanese population, showing that genetic variants associated with BMI contribute to specific subtypes of asthma. Prospective longitudinal studies are essential to delineate the interactions between genetic predisposition, elevated BMI, subsequent changes in adiposity, and the evolution of asthma phenotypes, which would facilitate the development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies tailored to genetically-defined patient subgroups.

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