# Nursing and the essential public health functions framework in the Americas: reflections and perspectives

**Authors:** Eduardo Neves da Cruz de Souza, Maria de Lourdes de Almeida, Juana Elvira Suárez Conejero, Aida Maris Peres, Eduardo Neves da Cruz de Souza, Maria de Lourdes de Almeida, Juana Elvira Suárez Conejero, Aida Maris Peres

PMC · DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2025-0121 · 2026-01-26

## TL;DR

This paper explores how nursing contributes to public health in the Americas, focusing on challenges and opportunities for improving health systems.

## Contribution

The paper highlights nursing's strategic role in updated public health functions, particularly in addressing social determinants and health inequalities.

## Key findings

- The updated essential public health functions now include social determinants of health.
- Nursing plays a key role in surveillance, health promotion, and public policy formulation.
- The updated framework offers new opportunities for nursing to strengthen inclusive health systems.

## Abstract

to reflect on nursing’s role in essential public health functions in the Americas, highlighting contributions, challenges, and perspectives for strengthening public health actions.

this theoretical-reflective study was conducted between March and April 2025, based on Pan American Health Organization official documents, especially the 2002 and 2021 versions of the essential functions. The materials were identified by searching the Pan American Health Organization’s institutional repository, including normative and descriptive documents. The analysis was structured in four stages: historical evolution; conceptual update of the functions; impact on the Brazilian reality; and nursing contributions.

the updated essential functions incorporated social determinants. Nursing stands out for its strategic role in surveillance, health promotion, and public policy formulation.

the updated essential functions expand opportunities for nursing to reduce inequalities and strengthen resilient and inclusive health systems.

refletir sobre o papel da enfermagem nas funções essenciais de saúde pública nas Américas, destacando contribuições, desafios e perspectivas no fortalecimento das ações de saúde pública.

estudo teórico-reflexivo, realizado entre março e abril de 2025, com base em documentos oficiais da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, especialmente as versões de 2002 e 2021 das funções essenciais. Os materiais foram identificados por busca no repositório institucional da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, incluindo documentos normativos e descritivos. A análise foi estruturada em quatro etapas: evolução histórica; atualização conceitual das funções; impacto na realidade brasileira; e contribuições da enfermagem.

atualização das funções essenciais incorporou determinantes sociais. A enfermagem se destaca por seu papel estratégico na vigilância, promoção da saúde e formulação de políticas públicas.

as funções essenciais atualizadas ampliam oportunidades para atuação da enfermagem na redução de desigualdades e fortalecimento de sistemas de saúde resilientes e inclusivos.

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** tuberculosis (MESH:D014376), measles (MESH:D008457), OPAS (MESH:C537931), traffic accidents (MESH:D000081084), infectious diseases (MESH:D003141), FESP (MESH:D005862), Ebola (MESH:D019142), EPHF (MESH:D000075222), mental disorders (MESH:D001523), Zika (MESH:D000071243), Chikungunya (MESH:D065632), deaths (MESH:D003643), noncommunicable diseases (MESH:D000073296), COVID-19 (MESH:D000086382), sexually transmitted infections (MESH:D012749)
- **Chemicals:** EPHF (-)
- **Species:** West Nile virus (no rank) [taxon 11082], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12854264