# Accuracy of 3-dimensional echocardiography in measuring right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis **Authors:** Mostafa Rafea, Ramy Kishk, Ramy Salmoun PMC · DOI: 10.1186/s44156-026-00102-w · 2026-01-29 ## TL;DR This study evaluates how well 3D echocardiography measures right ventricle function compared to MRI, finding it reliable for ejection fraction but less so for volumes. ## Contribution A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing 3DE and CMR for right ventricular assessment, revealing specific accuracy trends. ## Key findings - 3DE underestimates right ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes compared to CMR. - 3DE shows minimal and non-significant underestimation of right ventricular ejection fraction. - 3DE is potentially clinically useful for ejection fraction but CMR remains better for volume measurements. ## Abstract The complex architecture of the right ventricle presents a significant challenge in determining its functional status. Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is growing in prevalence as a faster and more convenient tool to evaluate Right Ventricular (RV) function. However, its accuracy and concordance with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is yet to be determined. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the agreement of 3DE to CMR for RV functional assessment. We conducted a systematic literature review of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through to December 2024. Studies were included if they directly compared 3DE and CMR measurements of RV function and volumes. Data synthesis was carried out with RevMan Web using a random-effects model. Seventy-five studies were included in the analysis. 3DE systematically underestimated RV volumes compared to CMR, with significant differences for end-diastolic volume (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI: −0.55, −0.30) and end-systolic volume (SMD: −0.27, 95% CI: −0.39, −0.16). However, for RV ejection fraction, 3DE showed minimal underestimation (MD: −0.92%, 95% CI: −2.20, 0.36) with no statistically significant difference (p: 0.16). These findings support the potential clinical utility of 3DE for RV ejection fraction assessment while highlighting the continued importance of CMR for precise volume measurements. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44156-026-00102-w. ## Full-text entities - **Genes:** PAH (phenylalanine hydroxylase) [NCBI Gene 5053] {aka PH, PKU, PKU1} - **Diseases:** STEMI (MESH:D000072657), coarctation of aorta (MESH:D001017), Carcinoid (MESH:D002276), TGA (MESH:D014188), hypertension (MESH:D006973), Aortic valve stenosis (MESH:D001024), VSD (MESH:D004310), ventricular septal defect (MESH:D006345), Aortic valve insufficiency (MESH:D001022), Atrial septal defect (MESH:D006344), pulmonary valve stenosis (MESH:D011666), dilated cardiomyopathy (MESH:D002311), malposition of great arteries (MESH:D017760), atresia (MESH:D018633), truncus arteriosus (MESH:D014339), EF (MESH:D054144), PHT (MESH:D006976), TOF (MESH:D013771), CoA (MESH:C537527), arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia (MESH:D019571), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (MESH:D029424), heart failure (MESH:D006333), ESV (MESH:D003643), myocardial infarction (MESH:D009203), congenital heart disease (MESH:D006330), partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (MESH:D012587), Ischemic heart disease (MESH:D017202), pulmonary arterial hypertension (MESH:D000081029), ESRD (MESH:D007676), coronary artery disease (MESH:D003324), Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (MESH:D002312), Cardiac disease (MESH:D006331) - **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606] ## Figures 6 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12853996/full.md --- Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12853996