# Creating unimolecular multivalent diversity in protein conjugates via the Passerini multicomponent bioconjugation with isocyanoproteins

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method to attach multiple molecules to proteins in one step, which could improve vaccine and drug development.

## Contribution

The novel use of the Passerini reaction with isocyanoproteins enables efficient multivalent protein conjugation.

## Key findings

- The Passerini reaction allows simultaneous functionalization of proteins with carbohydrate antigens, lipids, and polymers.
- Isocyanide-tagged proteins can be effectively derivatized in a one-pot procedure.
- Unimolecular multivalent constructs show potential for use in vaccines and therapeutics.

## Abstract

The ability to conjugate multiple molecules to a protein is of great interest for pharmaceutical and vaccine development, especially if this can be achieved in a one-pot procedure. Multicomponent reactions are powerful procedures that allow the assembly of complex constructs incorporating at least three molecular fragments, but many of them use amino and carboxylic groups that are too abundant in proteins. Herein, we introduce the use of the Passerini 3-component reaction with isocyanoproteins for the assembly of multivalent protein (glyco)conjugates. Proteins were tagged with isocyanide handles and next derivatized to investigate the efficacy and limitations of the Passerini bioconjugation. The multicomponent conjugation enabled the simultaneous functionalization of proteins with two biologically relevant molecules such as carbohydrate antigens, lipids, and polymers. The efficient display of various antigens in a unimolecular multivalent construct is a notable result that paves the way towards new applications in preventive vaccines and therapeutics.

Conjugating multiple molecules to proteins in a single step is crucial for advancing pharmaceutical and vaccine development. Here, the authors employ the Passerini 3-component reaction with isocyanoproteins to efficiently create multivalent protein conjugates, enabling simultaneous functionalization of the protein with biologically relevant molecules, such as carbohydrate antigens, lipids, and polymers.