# The evolutionary arms race on the Z-form-nucleic- acid-binding protein 1 front: endogenous Z-RNA as a self-danger signal

**Authors:** Yuxuan Tang, Shenghui Niu, Lin Zhao

PMC · DOI: 10.1186/s43556-026-00404-9 · Molecular Biomedicine · 2026-01-27

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** CGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) [NCBI Gene 115004] {aka C6orf150, D4, MB21D1, h-cGAS}, ORF6 (ORF6 protein) [NCBI Gene 43740572], MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase) [NCBI Gene 197259] {aka hMLKL}, STING1 (stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1) [NCBI Gene 340061] {aka ERIS, MITA, MPYS, NET23, SAVI, STING}, RIGI (RNA sensor RIG-I) [NCBI Gene 23586] {aka DDX58, RIG-I, RIG1, RLR-1, SGMRT2}, ZBP1 (Z-DNA binding protein 1) [NCBI Gene 81030] {aka C20orf183, DAI, DLM-1, DLM1}, MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein) [NCBI Gene 57506] {aka CARDIF, IPS-1, IPS1, VISA}, IVNS1ABP (influenza virus NS1A binding protein) [NCBI Gene 10625] {aka ARA3, FLARA3, HSPC068, IMD70, KLHL39, ND1}, RIPK3 (receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 3) [NCBI Gene 11035] {aka RIP3}, RIPK1 (receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 8737] {aka AIEFL, IMD57, RIP, RIP-1, RIP1}
- **Diseases:** viral infection (MESH:D014777), inflammatory (MESH:D007249), infection (MESH:D007239)
- **Chemicals:** Z-NA (-)
- **Species:** Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1, no rank) [taxon 10298], Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (no rank) [taxon 2697049], Murid betaherpesvirus 1 (Murine cytomegalovirus, no rank) [taxon 10366], Orthopoxvirus vaccinia (species) [taxon 10245]

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12847504