# Porcine Cytomegalovirus/Porcine Roseolovirus, Previously Transmitted During Xenotransplantation, Does Not Infect Human 293T and Mouse Cells with Impaired Antiviral Defense

## TL;DR

This study shows that porcine cytomegalovirus, or porcine roseolovirus, cannot infect human or mouse cells in the lab, despite being linked to deaths in xenotransplantation.

## Contribution

The study provides the first evidence that PCMV/PRV cannot infect human or mouse cells in vitro, challenging assumptions about its zoonotic potential.

## Key findings

- Human 293T cells showed no signs of PCMV/PRV infection after co-culture with infected porcine cells.
- Mouse cells also did not show infection when exposed to PCMV/PRV under the same conditions.
- The inability to infect human and mouse cells suggests PCMV/PRV is not zoonotic.

## Abstract

Porcine cytomegalovirus, more accurately classified as porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV), was shown to be pathogenic in the context of xenotransplantation. Transmission of PCMV/PRV to non-human primates receiving hearts or kidneys from virus-positive pigs significantly reduced the survival time of the recipients. PCMV/PRV was also transmitted to the first human recipient of a pig heart transplant and contributed to the patient’s death. Although PCMV/PRV is highly prevalent in all pig breeds and wild boars, including slaughterhouse pigs, no infections or diseases have been reported in healthy, ill, or immunocompromised humans, suggesting that this virus is not zoonotic and should therefore be classified as xenozoonotic. This indicates that this virus is not zoonotic and must be classified as xenozoonotic. Moreover, it remains unclear whether PCMV/PRV is capable of infecting human cells in vitro. To address this question, human 293T cells resistant to hygromycin were co-cultured with porcine fallopian tube (PFT) cells producing PCMV/PRV. After hygromycin selection, the remaining human cells showed no evidence of infection. Because herpesviruses are generally considered to be species-specific—a notion that has been shown to be not entirely correct—it was also investigated whether PCMV/PRV can infect mouse cells using the same approach. Similarly, no infection was observed. Since the target cells employed in both assays had a reduced capacity to resist viral infection, the findings strongly suggest that PCMV/PRV is unable to infect human or mouse cells, which are equipped with functional antiviral mechanisms. This is supported by findings from the patient who received the first pig heart transplantation.