# Booster Immunisation with Skin-Patch-Delivered Unadjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine Is Safe and Immunogenic in Healthy Adults

## TL;DR

A skin patch vaccine delivering SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is safe, well-tolerated, and induces strong immune responses in healthy adults.

## Contribution

Demonstrates the safety and immunogenicity of a microarray patch vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in a Phase I trial.

## Key findings

- HD-MAP HexaPro vaccine was safe and well-tolerated with only mild adverse events.
- Significant spike-specific IgG titers were observed and neutralized multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants.
- The vaccine remained stable for 12 months at 40 °C.

## Abstract

Background/Objective: Despite available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, coverage gaps persist due to unequal distribution and limited access. Microarray patches offer a promising solution to address these challenges, providing a safer and easier-to-use alternative. We present a randomised, double-blind Phase I clinical trial evaluating the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit vaccine, HexaPro, delivered via a high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP). Methods: Forty-four healthy adults aged 18–50 years were assigned to receive either 0 µg, 15 µg, or 45 µg of HexaPro via the HD-MAP, with the primary objective of assessing safety and tolerability. Results: The HD-MAP HexaPro vaccine was found to be safe and well tolerated, with only mild adverse events reported. Following vaccination significant increases in spike-specific IgG titers were observed by 7 days and remained stable through day 90. This IgG response effectively neutralised multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, the HexaPro HD-MAP was stable for up to 12 months at 40 °C. Conclusions: These findings support the continued clinical development of HD-MAPs as an alternative vaccination strategy.