# Cybersecurity in Radio Frequency Technologies: A Scientometric and Systematic Review with Implications for IoT and Wireless Applications

## TL;DR

This paper reviews global research on RF cybersecurity, highlighting key threats and gaps in securing wireless technologies like IoT and 6G.

## Contribution

A novel scientometric and systematic review integrating PRISMA with a Large Language Model for enhanced classification of RF cybersecurity research.

## Key findings

- RF cybersecurity research focuses on signal integrity in GNSS and cellular networks, alongside IoT resilience against spoofing and jamming.
- Gaps exist in securing RFID, BLE, ZigBee, and emerging 6G technologies, impacting the reliability of smart city infrastructures.
- Spoofing, eavesdropping, and MitM attacks are prevalent threats in wireless systems, requiring improved security measures.

## Abstract

Cybersecurity in radio frequency (RF) technologies has become a critical concern, driven by the expansion of connected systems in urban and industrial environments. Although research on wireless networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) has advanced, comprehensive studies that provide a global and integrated view of cybersecurity development in this field remain limited. This work presents a scientometric and systematic review of international publications from 2009 to 2025, integrating the PRISMA protocol with semantic screening supported by a Large Language Model to enhance classification accuracy and reproducibility. The analysis identified two interdependent axes: one focusing on signal integrity and authentication in GNSS systems and cellular networks; the other addressing the resilience of IoT networks, both strongly associated with spoofing and jamming, as well as replay, relay, eavesdropping, and man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. The results highlight the relevance of RF cybersecurity in securing communication infrastructures and expose gaps in widely adopted technologies such as RFID, NFC, BLE, ZigBee, LoRa, Wi-Fi, and unlicensed ISM bands, as well as in emerging areas like terahertz and 6G. These gaps directly affect the reliability and availability of IoT and wireless communication systems, increasing security risks in large-scale deployments such as smart cities and cyber–physical infrastructures.