# Lethal and Sublethal Effects of the Novel cis-Nitromethylene Neonicotinoid Cycloxaprid on the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

## TL;DR

A new insecticide called cycloxaprid is more effective than traditional ones at controlling resistant green peach aphids, both killing them and reducing their reproduction.

## Contribution

Cycloxaprid shows superior efficacy against neonicotinoid-resistant M. persicae and reduces population growth even at low sublethal concentrations.

## Key findings

- Cycloxaprid has higher toxicity than imidacloprid against resistant M. persicae.
- Sublethal exposure to cycloxaprid reduces longevity, fecundity, and population growth parameters of M. persicae.
- Cycloxaprid achieves >84.79% control efficacy in the field, surpassing the threshold for agricultural use.

## Abstract

Myzus persicae is a worldwide insect pest with high resistance to many traditional insecticides. Cycloxaprid, a novel cis-configuration neonicotinoid insecticide, is effective in controlling neonicotinoid-resistant insect pests. Lethal and sublethal effects of cycloxaprid on M. persicae were conducted in this study. Results showed that cycloxaprid had higher toxicity to the laboratory and field resistant M. persicae than imidacloprid. Because of the resistance, imidacloprid showed lower control efficacy (<60%) against M. persicae, which falls short of the efficacy required for practical agricultural management. However, cycloxaprid exhibited higher control efficacies (>84.79%) against M. persicae in the field. In addition, in order to quantify the sublethal impacts of cycloxaprid, we conducted a life table analysis on M. persicae. When resistant M. persicae was treated with LC25 of cycloxaprid or imidacloprid, the longevity and fecundity of F1 adults were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproduction rate (Ri) of F1 generation M. persicae were reduced in cycloxaprid and imidacloprid treatments. Therefore, cycloxaprid shows high potential as a candidate insecticide for managing imidacloprid-resistant M. persicae. Importantly, our laboratory data indicate that exposure to its low sublethal concentration (LC25) inhibits population growth parameters, suggesting a low risk of inducing pest resurgence under such conditions.