# Towards Dynamic V2X Infrastructure: Joint Deployment and Optimization of 6DMA-Enabled RSUs

## TL;DR

This paper introduces DyDO, a framework for dynamically deploying and optimizing 6DMA-enabled roadside units to improve V2X networks in 6G.

## Contribution

DyDO introduces a dynamic deployment framework for 6DMA-RSUs with a new metric and real-time beam-steering algorithm.

## Key findings

- DyDO outperforms static deployment methods in large-scale experiments.
- The Dynamic Potential Score effectively identifies optimal RSU locations.
- Real-time beam steering adapts to traffic patterns efficiently.

## Abstract

The evolution towards 6G is set to transform Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) networks by introducing advanced technologies such as Six-Dimensional Movable Antenna (6DMA). This technology endows Roadside Units (RSUs) with dynamic beam-steering capabilities, enabling adaptive coverage. However, traditional RSU deployment strategies, optimized for static coverage, are fundamentally mismatched with these new dynamic capabilities, leading to a critical deployment–optimization mismatch. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing DyDO, a novel Dynamic Deployment and Optimization framework for the utilization of 6DMA-RSUs. Our framework strategically decouples the problem into two modules operating on distinct timescales. On a slow timescale, an offline deployment module analyzes long-term historical traffic data to identify optimal RSU locations. This is guided by a newly proposed metric, the Dynamic Potential Score (DPS), which quantifies a location’s intrinsic value for dynamic adaptation by integrating spatial concentration, temporal volatility, and traffic magnitude. On a fast timescale, an online control module employs an efficient Sequential Angular Search (SAS) algorithm to perform real-time, adaptive beam steering based on immediate traffic patterns. Extensive experiments on a large-scale, real-world trajectory dataset demonstrate that DyDO outperforms conventional static deployment methodologies. This work highlights the necessity of dynamic-aware deployment to fully unlock the potential of 6DMA in future V2X systems.