# A Multiplexable Op-Amp Interface for Accurate Readout of Remote Resistive Sensors

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a compact and accurate circuit for measuring remote resistive sensors using an operational amplifier and microcontroller, enabling fast and scalable sensing.

## Contribution

A novel op-amp interface with diode steering and square-wave excitation for precise, lead-wire-insensitive resistance measurements.

## Key findings

- The method achieves a maximum relative error of 0.23% across 0.5–3.5 kΩ resistance range.
- The design supports sensor array multiplexing with low power consumption.
- No analog filtering or precise PWM control is required for accurate measurements.

## Abstract

This paper presents a compact and accurate readout circuit for remote two-wire resistive sensors, based on an inverting operational amplifier with a fixed bias voltage, diode steering, and unidirectional square-wave excitation generated by a microcontroller. The proposed method determines the sensor resistance by directly sampling two steady-state voltage plateaus at the op-amp output during alternating excitation phases. This approach enables fast, lead-wire-insensitive measurements without the need for analog filtering or precise PWM duty-cycle control. The architecture supports sensor array multiplexing via analog switches, allowing scalable, low-power implementation. Experimental results demonstrate a maximum relative error of 0.23% across a wide resistance range (0.5–3.5 kΩ), confirming the method’s suitability for low-cost, embedded, and remote sensing applications.