# Portable Multichannel Measurement System for Real-Time Microplastics Assessment Using Microwave Sensors

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a portable system using microwave sensors to detect microplastics in water in real time.

## Contribution

The system enables multichannel real-time microplastics assessment using microwave sensors with different microfluidic designs.

## Key findings

- The system can generate excitation signals between 700 MHz and 3.5 GHz with 0 dBm power.
- It successfully detected 400 μm polyethylene spheres in a microfluidic setup at 10 mL/min flow.
- The system has a compact size and low power consumption of 6.6 W.

## Abstract

This paper presents a multichannel electronics measurement system that uses microwave sensors to perform real-time microplastics assessment in aqueous environments. The system is capable of simultaneously reading up to four microwave sensors, enabling the use of multiple sensors that target microplastic particles with different sizes and properties. The multichannel capability allows the measurement of multiple MW sensors integrated with different microfluidic channel designs while targeting different MPs’ dimension ranges, although experimental validation in this work was limited to a single sensor. Each readout channel is implemented combining radio-technology-integrated circuits with a microprocessor that has advanced analog peripherals used for signal conditioning and acquisition. An ADF4351 wideband frequency synthesizer is used for excitation signal generation while an ADL5902 power detector converts the sensor output to a DC voltage. Baseline removal and amplification of the power detector output is realized with a MSP430FR2355 microprocessor which is also responsible for its acquisition at 40 kHz and digital decimation. Characterization results show the system’s capability to generate excitation signals between 700 MHz and 3.5 GHz with power levels around 0 dBm. Sensor output can be detected with a power between −50 dBm and −5 dBm and a 230 Hz bandwidth. A compact form factor of 15 cm × 10 cm × 3 cm was realized together with a low power consumption of 6.6 W. Validation was realized with a previously developed microwave sensor, demonstrating the detection of polyethylene spheres with 400 μm diameters animated in 10 mL/min flux within the microfluidics device.