# Reducing Aflatoxin Accumulation in Maize: Development and Performance of a Novel Biological Input

## TL;DR

A new starch-based formulation was developed to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize, offering a food-safe alternative to traditional methods.

## Contribution

A novel macroporous starch polymer formulation was developed and shown to effectively deliver biocontrol agents to reduce aflatoxin in maize.

## Key findings

- The optimal formulation contained 10% maize starch, 0.5% citric acid, 3% sucrose, 0.3% urea, and distilled water.
- The new formulation reduced aflatoxin accumulation by up to 81% in maize kernels under field conditions.
- The performance of the new formulation was comparable to traditional rice-based formulations.

## Abstract

Aflatoxin contamination of maize by Aspergillus section Flavi constitutes a major health and economic concern. While biological control using non-toxigenic strains has proven effective, the increasing global food demand underscores the need for alternative carrier materials to replace seeds and grains. The aims of the present study were (1) to develop an innovative macroporous starch polymer in which the biocontrol agent can grow and be transported to fields where the bioformulate is applied, and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of this new formulate in reducing AF contamination in maize kernels in field trials, in comparison with the traditional formulate based on long-grain rice as a substrate. Several methods and different starch sources were tested, and the formulation consisting of 10% maize starch, 0.5% citric acid, 3% sucrose, 0.3% urea, and distilled water was the most effective. Furthermore, this bioformulate demonstrated a performance comparable to that of the traditional long-grain rice-based formulation, reducing AF accumulation by up to 81% in maize kernels under field conditions. The implementation of this macroporous starch polymer-based formulation, in combination with the biological control agent A. flavus AFCHG2, would not only reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize kernels but also minimise the use of food-grade seeds and grains for industrial purposes, thereby preserving their availability for human and animal nutrition. Consequently, this development could enhance the availability of these substrates for food and feed use, thereby contributing to improved safety and food security.