# PSgANet: Polar Sequence-Guided Attention Network for Edge-Related Defect Classification in Contact Lenses

## TL;DR

This paper introduces PSgANet, a new AI model that improves defect detection in contact lenses by using polar coordinates and advanced learning techniques.

## Contribution

The novel PSgANet model uses polar coordinate transformation and sequence learning to enhance defect classification in contact lenses.

## Key findings

- PSgANet outperformed traditional CNN models in defect detection accuracy.
- LSTM-based PSgANet achieved a 7.75% higher accuracy than GoogleNetv4.
- Polar coordinate transformation improved the identification of defective regions in contact lenses.

## Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into industrial processes is a promising method for enhancing operational efficiency and quality control. In particular, contact lens manufacturing requires specialized artificial intelligence technologies owing to stringent safety requirements. This study introduces a novel approach that employs polar coordinate transformation and a customized deep learning model, the Polar Sequence-guided Attention Network (PSgANet), to improve the accuracy of defect detection in the rim-connected zone (RCZ) of contact lenses. PSgANet is specifically designed to process polar coordinate-transformed image data by integrating sequence learning and attention mechanisms to maximise the capability for detecting and classifying defective patterns. This model converts irregularities along the edges of contact lenses into linear arrays via polar coordinate transformation, enabling a clearer and more consistent identification of defective regions. To achieve this, we applied sequence learning architectures such as GRU, LSTM, and Transformer within PSgANet and compared their performances with those of conventional models, including GoogleNetv4, EfficientNet, and Vision Transformer. The experimental results demonstrated that the PSgANet models outperformed the existing CNN-based models. In particular, the LSTM-based PSgANet achieved the highest accuracy and balanced precision and recall metrics, showing up to a 7.75% improvement in accuracy compared with the traditional GoogleNetv4 model. These results suggest that the proposed method is an effective tool for detecting and classifying defects within the RCZ during contact lens manufacturing processes.