# A Low-Sidelobe Fully Metallic Ridge Gap Waveguide Antenna Array for W-Band Applications

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a high-performance all-metal antenna for W-band applications with low sidelobes and high efficiency, suitable for 6G and radar.

## Contribution

A novel all-metal ridge gap waveguide antenna with low sidelobes and high efficiency using a three-layer contactless structure.

## Key findings

- The antenna achieves a reflection coefficient below −10 dB from 92.5–103.5 GHz.
- In-band gain exceeds 25.8 dBi with less than 1 dB fluctuation and radiation efficiency over 78%.
- Sidelobe levels remain below −17.5 dB, reaching −19.5 dB at 94 GHz with cross-polarization better than −30 dB.

## Abstract

To address the critical demand for high-gain, low-sidelobe, and high-efficiency antennas in W-band arrays, this work presents a low-sidelobe all-metal array antenna based on ridge gap waveguide technology. The design employs a three-layer contactless metal structure, integrating a stepped-ridge feeding network with Taylor amplitude distribution and a higher-order mode resonant cavity. This integration enables efficient power distribution and low-loss transmission while eliminating the need for conventional welding or bonding processes. Measurement results indicate that the antenna exhibits a reflection coefficient below −10 dB across the 92.5–103.5 GHz. The in-band gain exceeds 25.8 dBi with less than 1 dB fluctuation, and the radiation efficiency surpasses 78%. Specifically, the sidelobe levels in both E- and H-planes remain below −17.5 dB, reaching under −19.5 dB at 94 GHz, while cross-polarization is better than −30 dB. The proposed antenna demonstrates high gain, low sidelobe, and high efficiency, showing promising potential for applications in millimeter-wave radar, imaging, and 6G communication systems.