Pharmaceutical Cocrystals in Drug-Delivery Technologies: Advances from Rational Design to Therapeutic Applications

TL;DR

This review explores how pharmaceutical cocrystals are being used in new drug delivery methods to improve drug performance and patient outcomes.

Contribution

The paper provides a systematic analysis of recent advances in cocrystal-based drug delivery technologies and their therapeutic relevance.

Findings

Cocrystals can enhance drug solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability without changing the drug's molecular structure.

Emerging technologies like 3D printing and microneedles are being explored for cocrystal-based drug delivery.

Despite challenges in scalability and regulation, cocrystals show promise in next-generation therapeutics.

Abstract

Pharmaceutical cocrystals are a well-established class of solid-state forms that can modulate the solubility, dissolution, stability, and bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients without altering their molecular identity. Although traditional oral formulations have demonstrated translational potential, recent research has emphasized the importance of integrating cocrystals into emerging drug-delivery technologies. This review systematically analyzes recent advances in conventional and innovative cocrystal-based platforms, critically evaluating their therapeutic relevance. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, focusing on publications from the last decade, with emphasis on studies from 2020 to 2025, including peer-reviewed articles, patents, and regulatory documents. Evidence was organized into traditional oral, inhalable, intranasal, and transdermal formulations, followed by emerging platforms such as 3D printing, nano-cocrystals, and microneedles. Case studies and preclinical/clinical data were critically assessed to identify strengths, limitations, and future directions. Advancements in formulation science and novel delivery technologies are allowing pharmaceutical cocrystals to transition from laboratory innovations to clinical applications. Despite challenges in scalability, stability, and regulatory clarity, the application of cocrystals into emerging platforms highlights their potential as transformative tools in next-generation therapeutics.