Harnessing Phytochemicals and Nanotechnology Synergy for Molecular, Epigenetic, and Microbiota-Driven Regulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Gagan Prakash, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Ruchita Tanu, Mohamed A. M. Ali, Fehmi Boufahja, Pushpender K. Sharma, Sudarshan Singh Lakhawat, Tejpal Yadav, Navneet Kumar Upadhyay, Vikram Kumar
TL;DR
This review explores how combining plant-based compounds and nanotechnology can improve diabetes treatment by targeting molecular, epigenetic, and gut microbiota pathways.
Contribution
The paper introduces a novel integration of phytochemicals, nanotechnology, and microbiota modulation for precision diabetes therapy.
Findings
Phytochemicals like curcumin and berberine modulate key pathways such as AMPK and PI3K/AKT to improve insulin sensitivity.
Nanotechnology enhances the bioavailability and targeted delivery of phytochemicals, overcoming their solubility and stability issues.
Combining phytochemicals with microbiota modulation shows promise in improving glycemic control and reducing inflammation in T2DM.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder marked by impaired insulin action, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and the involvement of several interconnected mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic alterations. Despite progress in conventional therapies, achieving durable glycemic control and minimizing complications remain major challenges. This review discusses the emerging role of bioactive phytochemicals—such as curcumin, berberine, resveratrol, flavonoids, and polysaccharides—in modulating essential molecular pathways including AMPK, PI3K/AKT, and cAMP/PKA, which contribute to enhanced insulin sensitivity, glucose regulation, and β-cell protection. These natural compounds also influence gut microbiota modulation and epigenetic mechanisms, offering additional metabolic and anti-inflammatory benefits. This review synthesizes…
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Taxonomy
TopicsBerberine and alkaloids research · Gut microbiota and health · Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies