Biodegradability and Ecotoxicity Profiles of Choline Acetate, Betaine, and L-Proline NADESs: A Hidden Threat for Eutrophication?
Nandish M. Nagappa, Angelica Mero, Elena Husanu, Zeba Usmani, Matteo Oliva, Matilde Vieira Sanches, Giorgia Fumagalli, Andrea Mele, Andrea Mezzetta, Nicholas Gathergood, Lorenzo Guazzelli, Carlo Pretti, Yevgen Karpichev
TL;DR
This study evaluates the environmental safety of NADESs, finding them biodegradable and low in toxicity but raising concerns about potential eutrophication risks.
Contribution
The study introduces a novel evaluation of NADESs' biodegradability and ecotoxicity, highlighting their sustainability while identifying eutrophication risks.
Findings
Synthesized NADESs show high biodegradability and low toxicity toward microalgae.
No significant inhibition of microbial activity was observed during biodegradation.
Potential eutrophication risks of NADESs require further investigation.
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), particularly Naturally Available Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs), are increasingly regarded as green solvents due to their low vapor pressure, non-flammability, thermal stability, strong solvent power, and low toxicity. In line with Green Chemistry principles, the use of renewable and biocompatible components such as amino acids, lipids, and naturally derived acids enables the development of more sustainable solvent systems. This study addresses the need for environmentally safer NADESs by evaluating their physico-chemical suitability and environmental impact. Fifteen NADESs were prepared using naturally derived components and assessed for environmental safety. Biodegradability was evaluated using the OECD 301D Closed Bottle Test (CBT), while toxicity toward Raphidocelis subcapitata was examined to characterize ecotoxicological behavior. The results…
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
Click any figure to enlarge with its caption.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25
Figure 26
Figure 27
Figure 28
Figure 29
Figure 30
Figure 31
Figure 32
Figure 33Peer Reviews
No public reviews on file for this paper yet. If you reviewed it on a platform where reviews are public (OpenReview, ICLR, NeurIPS, ICML), you can paste yours below so the community can read it here.
Videos
No videos yet. Explain this paper in a talk, walkthrough, or lecture? Add one.
Taxonomy
TopicsChemistry and Chemical Engineering · Ionic liquids properties and applications · Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications