Non-Targeted Analysis of Carbofuran and Related Compounds in Commercial Formulations and Animal Tissue
Genny Grasselli, Adriana Arigò, Giorgio Famiglini, Zdena Skrob, Arthur Sniegon, Tomas Cajthaml, Achille Cappiello
TL;DR
This study developed a new method to detect and identify Carbofuran and related compounds in animal tissues and commercial formulations using advanced mass spectrometry techniques.
Contribution
The novel non-targeted analysis workflow enables simultaneous characterization of volatile and low-volatile compounds in Carbofuran formulations.
Findings
The method successfully identified almost all compounds in formulations with high probability using NIST library comparisons.
Carbofuran was detected in two out of three animal tissue samples.
Only 3-keto-carbofuran was found in one sample, making it impossible to determine the specific formulation used.
Abstract
Recently, some cases of intentional animal poisoning using Carbofuran (CF) occurred in the Czech Republic, although CF is no longer available in the EU market. The present study describes a novel non-targeted analysis (NTA) workflow developed to possibly characterize 13 CF formulations from various sources to be certainly identified in real samples. Furthermore, a detection and quantification method for CF was developed for analyzing three animal samples, obtained from dead animals. The analyses were conducted using the liquid electron ionization (LEI) interface coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer, allowing the simultaneous characterization of the formulation’s volatile and low-volatile fractions. Almost all compounds detected in the different formulations were identified by comparing the experimental spectra with the NIST library at high probability values…
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Taxonomy
TopicsPesticide Residue Analysis and Safety · Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies · Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties