# Plant-Mediated Soil Sickness: Steering the Rhizosphere into a Pathogenic Niche

## TL;DR

This paper explores how root exudates from continuous monoculture of Panax notoginseng alter soil microbiomes, leading to replant disease by promoting pathogens like Fusarium.

## Contribution

The study reveals how root exudates act as an ecological filter, reshaping fungal and bacterial communities to favor pathogens and reduce beneficial microbes.

## Key findings

- Root exudates enriched the pathogen Fusarium while reducing antagonistic fungi.
- Bacterial communities showed resilience, with exudates favoring oligotrophic taxa like Terrimonas and MND1.
- Nitrogen cycling shifted toward suppressed nitrification and enhanced nitrate reduction.

## Abstract

Continuous monoculture of Panax notoginseng leads to severe replant disease, yet the mechanisms by which root exudates mediate rhizosphere microbiome assembly and pathogen enrichment remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that long-term root exudate accumulation acts as an ecological filter, driving the fungal community toward a phylogenetically impoverished, pathogen-dominated state. Specifically, exudates enriched the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium while reducing the abundance of potentially antagonistic fungi. In contrast, bacterial communities exhibited higher resilience, with exudates selectively enriching oligotrophic taxa such as Terrimonas and MND1, but suppressing nitrifying bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira) and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Microbial functional profiling revealed a shift in nitrogen cycling, characterized by suppressed nitrification and enhanced nitrate reduction. Crucially, co-occurrence network analysis identified bacterial taxa strongly negatively correlated with Fusarium, providing a synthetic community blueprint for biocontrol strategies. Our study establishes a mechanistic link between root exudate accumulation and negative plant–soil feedback in monoculture systems, highlighting microbiome reprogramming as a key driver of replant disease. These insights offer novel avenues for manipulating rhizosphere microbiomes to sustain crop productivity in intensive agricultural systems.